ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the activation of motor cortex and brain lateralization of healthy male subjects during mirror visual feedback (MVF) of dominant and non-dominant hands. MethodsFrom March to September, 2021, 17 right-handed male subjects were recruited in Shenyang Sport University. The eegoTMmylab electroencephalography (EEG) system was applied to acquire the EEG and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of digital extensor muscle during MVF. The subjects were completed unilateral finger stretching exercise, including left/right hand MVF and left/right hand visual feedback (VF). Each paradigm was repeated 80 trials, and the four paradigms were divided into two experiments, with one week between each experiment. The time-domain characteristics of sEMG signals and the time-frequency characteristics of α-band (8 to 13 Hz) and β-band (13 to 20 Hz) EEG signals which were closely related to motion were analyzed. Activation and asymmetry of motor cortex during MVF in dominant and nondominant hands were measured with event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) and asymmetric index (AI). ResultsWhen the relaxed hand was right hand, the sEMG amplitude of digital extensor muscle were more in MVF and VF than in resting state (P < 0.05). In α bands, the main effect of training state on ERD/ERS was significant (F = 14.125, ηp2 = 0.469, P = 0.002), and it was higher in MVF than in VF. In β band, the main effect of training state on ERD/ERS was significant (F = 9.704, ηp2 = 0.378, P = 0.007), the interaction effect of moving hand and training state was significant on ERD/ERS (F = 8.014, ηp2 = 0.334, P = 0.012); for VF, ERD/ERS was higher in right hand movement than in left hand movement (F = 7.267, ηp2 = 0.312, P = 0.016); for right hand movement, ERD/ERS was higher in MVF than in VF (F = 17.530, ηp2 = 0.523, P = 0.001). At the position of C4 electrode, ERD/ERS was higher in right hand movement than in left hand movement under VF (t = -3.201, P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.776), and ERD/ERS was higher in MVF than in VF under right hand movement (t = -4.060, P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.985). Main effect of training state was significant on AI at β band (F = 5.796, ηp2 = 0.266, P = 0.028), and it was higher in MVF than in VF. ConclusionMVF may improve the activity of motor cortex neurons on the ipsilateral side of the motor hand through recruitment of frontal and parietal mirror neurons and reduction of interhemispheric and intracortical inhibitory activities, and it is more effective for the dominant hand training.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe any effect of Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback on the balance of persons who have survived a stroke.Methods:Fifty-six stroke survivors were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 28. Both groups were given routine balance function training, while the observation group was additionally given Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback. Before and after the four weeks of training, the subjects′ balance and posture were evaluated using a Nomex visual feedback balance system. Lower limb strength was evaluated with a microFET2 portable muscle strength tester. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), 10-metre walk times (10MWTs) and the modified Barthel Index (MBI) were also applied.Results:After the training the average BBS, TUGT, 10MWT and MBI results of the observation group had improved significantly. Among the control group only TUGT times and MBI scores had improved significantly, but even then the average MBI score of the observation group was significantly higher. The training improved the strength of the trainees′ quadriceps femoris (QUA), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) on the hemiplegic side. Their hamstrings and GAS on the non-hemiplegic side were also significantly stronger, on average. The improvement in the QUA of the hemiplegic side in the observation group was significantly better than the control group′s average improvement. The path length (PL) and the covered area (CA) in the observation group had decreased significantly after the training, while among the controls only the CA had decreased significantly. The average PL in the observation group was therefore significantly shorter than in the control group.Conclusion:Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback can promote the recovery of balance function after a stroke. Such training is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe any effect of combining vibroacoustic therapy with audio-visual feedback on the swallowing and the emotional state of persons with a swallowing disorder after a brainstem stroke.Methods:Fifty brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a control group and a combination group, each of 25. In addition to routine swallowing function training, the control group received additional direct feeding training, while the combination group was provided with vibroacoustic feeding training and swallowing stimulation from an animated audio-visual presentation. Before and after the treatment, the subjects′ swallowing function was quantified using the Standard Swallowing Assessment (SSA) scale and the Gugging swallowing screen (GUSS). The Positive and Negative Emotions Scale (PNAS) was used to quantify their emotional state.Results:After the treatment the average SSA scores of both groups had decreased significantly, while the average GUSS and PNAS scores had increased significantly. The average improvements in all three measures were significantly greater in the combination group than in the control group.Conclusion:In addition to routine swallowing function training, feeding training applying vibroacoustics and audio-visual stimulation can significantly improve the feeding function and emotional state of brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effect of mirror visual feedback training on upper limb function and muscle tension in children with spastic hemiplegia resulting from cerebral palsy (SHCP).Methods:Seventy-six children aged 2-5 with SHCP were randomly divided into a control group of 33 and a treatment group 34. All were given routine occupational therapy, physical therapy, massage and physical agents. Each therapy session lasted 30 minutes daily, 5 times a week over 3 weeks as a course of treatment. There was a one week interval after each of 6 courses, so the total treatment lasted 6 months. The treatment group was additionally trained with mirror visual feedback with the same schedule. Before, as well as after 3 and 6 months of treatment, each patient′s upper limb motor function, fine motor function and muscle tone were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment scale (FMA), the Peabody fine motor development scales (PDMS-FM), the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and integrated electromyograms (iEMGs).Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups before treatment. After both 3 and 6 months significant improvement was observed in both groups′ average FMA score, PDMS-FM total score, grip, and visual motor integration. At both points the treatment group′s averages were significantly better than those of the control group. The average MAS and iEMG results, however, were not significantly different at either time point.Conclusions:For children with spastic hemiplegia caused by cerebral palsy, mirror visual feedback training can effectively improve upper limb functioning, but it cannot reduce their muscle tone.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate any effect of combining mirror visual feedback (MVF) training with robot-assisted gait training (RGT) in promoting the recovery of lower limb motor function among stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors were randomly divided into a combined treatment group, an RGT group and a control group, each of 20. In addition to traditional rehabilitation, the RGT group received 30min of RGT 5 days a week for 4 weeks, while the combined treatment group underwent 30min of RGT and also 20min of MVF training with the same frequency and duration. Before and after the treatment, the lower extremities motor functioning and walking ability of all of the patients were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the lower extremities (FMA-LE), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC).Results:There were no systematic differences in any of the measurements before the treatment. After the 4 weeks, however, the average FMA-LE, BBS and FAC scores of the combined treatment and RGT groups were significantly better than the control group′s averages, and those of the combined treatment group were significantly superior to the RGT group′s. All of the groups had, however, improved significantly compared with before the treatment.Conclusions:Robot-assisted gait training is more effective in enhancing the motor functioning of the lower extremities and walking ability when it is combined with MVF.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study effects of balance and motor function of walking stability training guided by mirror neuron theory for stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:A total of 67 stroke with hemiplegia from January 2019 to June 2020 in Heze Municipal Hospital were divided into experimental group (34 cases) and control group (33 cases). All patients were given conventional rehabilitation training, the control group was given body weight support treadmill training, the experimental group was given mirror visual feedback therapy combined with body weight support treadmill training. The training time was 8 weeks. The body balance function, body motor function and life quality were evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Balance scale(FM-B), Berg Balance Scale(BBS), Tinetti Gait Analysis(TGA), Functional Ambulation Category scale(FAC), Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale (SS-QOL) and compared before and after training between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the score (classification) of FM-B, BBS, TGA, SS-QOL, FAC before training between the two groups( P>0.05). The score (classification) of FM-B, BBS, TGA, FAC after training were (11.35±1.32), (47.33±6.20), (9.32±1.12) points and (3.54±0.61)grades in the experimental group and (9.86±1.25), (42.14±6.35), (8.25±1.32) points and (3.15±0.54) grades in the control group. There were statistically significant of differences( t values were 2.768-4.741, P<0.05). The score of energy, activity ability, emotion, self-care ability, thinking, upper limb function and life quality total score of SS-QOL were (10.31±1.43), (21.46±4.45), (17.64±3.36), (17.32±3.15), (16.23±2.21), (159.11±16.34) points in the experimental group and (8.46±1.21), (17.32±3.24), (15.35±3.11), (14.78±2.32), (8.45±1.25), (13.45±1.54), (141.65±17.24) points in the control group. There were statistically significant of differences( t values were 2.893-7.096, P<0.05). Conclusions:Walking stability training based on mirror neuron theory help to restore limb balance and motor function, and improve life quality in stroke patients with Hemiplegia.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of visual feedback squat on the core muscle thickness of young adults experiencing back pain. METHODS: Thirty adult men and women who experienced back pain were assigned randomly to 15 members of the visual feedback squat group (VSG) and 15 of the normal squat group (NSG) to train three times a week for a total of eight weeks. The core muscle thickness was compared prior to the test for four weeks and eight weeks after the test by dividing it into warm-up exercise, main exercise, and 10 minutes finishing exercise. Before, and four weeks and eight weeks later, the thickness of the core muscle was compared using an ultrasonic imaging system. Repeated measured ANOVA was performed to compare the groups, and a Bonferroni test was performed as a post-hoc test to assess the significance of the timing of the measurements in each group according to the periods. An independent t-test was conducted to test the significance between the groups according to the measurement points. RESULTS: A significant change in the main effects of time and interactions of the time difference in muscle thickness of transvers abdominis were observed between the visual feedback squat and control groups according to the measurement point (p0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that visual feedback squat exercise is expected to have positive effects on the development of transverse abdominis in core muscles.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Back Pain , Feedback, Sensory , Low Back Pain , Muscles , Ultrasonography , Warm-Up ExerciseABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of posture correction and real-time visual feedback using a video display on muscle activity and change of head position during overhead arm lift test in individuals with forward head posture. METHODS: Fifteen subjects with forward head posture and fifteen normal subjects who volunteered were included in this study. During both groups performed the overhead arm lift test, the muscle activity of the upper trapezius, serratus anterior, sternocleidomastoid, and lower trapezius muscle were measured using electromyography, and head position change was measured using photographs. Then, forward head posture group was asked to perform overhead arm lift test again after posture correction and real-time visual feedback using a video display respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze four conditions: pre-test, posture correction, real-time visual feedback, and the control group. RESULTS: The upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscle activity significantly decreased posture correction, real-time visual feedback, and control group than pre-test of forward head posture group (p<0.05). The sternocleidomastoid muscle significantly decreased real-time visual feedback and control group than pre-test of forward head posture group. Head position change significantly decreased three conditions than pre-test of forward head posture group and real-time visual feedback and control group significantly decreased than posture correction. CONCLUSION: This study recommend for maintaining cervical stability during the overhead arm lift test, postural control using real-time visual feedback is more effective in subjects with forward head posture.
Subject(s)
Arm , Electromyography , Feedback, Sensory , Head , Posture , Superficial Back MusclesABSTRACT
Mirror visual feedback, as a rehabilitation technique based on the theory of mirror neuron, was first used in the treatment of phantom limb pain, and then was widely used in stroke, peripheral nerve injury and so on. In recent years, it has also been used in the rehabilitation of complex regional pain syndrome type II. Mirror visual feedback could relieve the pain, and improve the motor function and the quality of life of patients, which may be related to the activation of mirror neurons, excitation of motor representative area and visual feedback.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of the mirror neuron system based mirror visual feedback (MVF) training on both upper-limbs motor function and cognitive function in patients after stroke. Methods:From October, 2016 to July, 2017, 60 stroke patients were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and treatment group (n = 30). Both groups accepted routine upper limb motor function and cognitive function training, and the treatment group accepted Mirror Neuron System Training (MNST) in addition. Before and eight weeks after treatment, they were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment, reaction time, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities, modified Barthel Index and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results:Both groups improved in all the indices after treatment (t > 3.915P < 0.001), and the indices improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (t > 2.452, P < 0.05). Conclusion:MVF based on routine rehabilitation may further improve both the upper limb motor function and cognitive function for stroke patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of real-time visual trajectory feedback on the motor learning ability of healthy volunteers during upper limb circle-drawing movements by using rehabilitation robots. Methods:From July to September, 2018, 24 right-handed healthy volunteers were divided into two groups according to the baseline level of motor ability, one group received three kinds of feedbacks including visual, result and real-time trajectory feedbacks (V+KP+KR group), and the other group only received two kinds of feedbacks including visual and performance (V+KR group). Both groups were trained in clockwise circle drawing task under different conditions for five sessions, 20 times per session, and then underwent one session of maintenance test after three days. The motor learning processes of two groups were evaluated and analyzed by two parameters including roundness score and completion time. Results:By using two-factor repeated measures variance analysis, it was found that there were intergroup and intragroup interactions (F = 6.029, P < 0.001). The intergroup individual effects showed that except for the fifth training section (F = 8.775, P = 0.658), the values of roundness score in other sessions were higher in V+KP+KR group than in V+KR group (F > 13.126, P < 0.001). The intragroup individual effects showed that there were significant differences among sessions in both groups (F > 12.465, P < 0.001). For completion time, there was no intergroup and intragroup interactions (F = 1.606, P = 0.228), the intergroup main effect was not significant (F = 0.55, P = 0.477), and the intragroup main effect was significant (F = 3.95, P = 0.031). Conclusion:Real-time trajectory feedback can help volunteers quickly understand the essentials of motor tasks at the early stage of motor learning, thus helping them to improve the fast learning ability of new tasks, but the improvement effect on motor learning during middle and late stages is not obvious. The dependence of volunteers on real-time trajectory feedback gradually decreases in the middle and later stages of motor learning, and they might rely on proprioception to complete tasks.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback on the gross motor function and balance of the sitting posture in children with cerebral palsy.METHODS: The subjects were 18 children with cerebral palsy aged 8–15 years in the I–III stages of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9). The experimental group was treated with 30 minutes of neurodevelopmental treatment and 20 minutes of spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback. The control group was treated with 30 minutes of neurodevelopmental treatment and 20 minutes of spinal stabilization exercises without visual feedback. Both groups participated in the experiment twice a week for eight weeks. The Gross Motor Function Measurement was performed to evaluate the changes between pre- and the post-intervention in gross motor function. The Seated Limit of Stability Surface Area was measured to evaluate the changes in trunk balance.RESULTS: Both experimental and control groups showed a significant increase in the gross motor function and trunk balance (p<0.05). The experimental group showed a significant increase in gross motor function compared to the control group (p<0.05). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the dynamic trunk balance in all directions when measuring the Seated Limit of Stability Surface Area (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback for the neurodevelopmental treatment of children with cerebral palsy can improve their gross motor function and trunk balance when in a sitting posture more effectively.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Cerebral Palsy , Classification , Exercise , Feedback, Sensory , PostureABSTRACT
@#Objective To study the effect of muscle energy techniques with visual feedback on the function of postoperative elbow joint. Methods From October, 2015 to August, 2017, 40 patients after operation for elbow fracture were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and treatment group (n=20). Both groups accepted arthrolysis and exercise guidance at home, while the control group accepted routine muscle energy techniques and the treatment group accepted muscle energy techniques with visual feedback, for eight weeks. They were measured with active range of motion (AROM) of elbow flexion and assessed with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) before and after treatment. Results AROM increased in both groups after treatment (t>15.223, P<0.001), and increased more in the treatment group than in the control group (t=3.072, P<0.01); while the DASH score decreased in both groups (t>27.991, P<0.001), and decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group (t=2.222, P<0.05).Conclusion The muscle energy techniques with visual feedback can improve the motion and function of elbow after operation more effectively.
ABSTRACT
@#Mirror image visual feedback, a rehabilitation technique, has been used in the rehabilitation for complex regional pain syndrome type I. Some researches showed that it is effective for pain and motor function, which may relate to exciting the motor cortex and activating the mirror neurons, etc.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate how different age groups of older adults perform and control movements in a goal-directed aiming task and the importance of visual feedback during these movements. Methods: Participants included 22 old adults, divided in two age groups: younger (60-70 yr) and older (80-90 yr). Subjects performed the task in a condition with vision and in a condition where vision was deprived. Results: In the vision condition, younger subjects showed smaller movement and reaction times, smaller radial errors, higher peak velocities, lower relative times to reach peak velocity than older subjects. In the vision-deprived condition the same results were found, except for radial error measure, where no significant effect for age groups was found. Conclusion: Younger subjects seemed to rely more on visual online feedback than older subjects and older subjects use other sensory sources to meet the possible deficits of information obtained by vision.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Aged , Feedback, Sensory/physiology , MovementABSTRACT
Mirror visual feedback therapy(MVF),as a new mean of rehabilitation,is applied widely in clinic.This article introduced its effects in improving post-stroke limb motor function,phantom limb pain,cognition and speech,and elaborated the mechanism.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-postural control on foot pressure in subjects with forward head posture. METHODS: Forty-two healthy adults were recruited in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: The forward-head postural (FHP) group (craniovertebral angle0.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest that cervical posture control using visual feedback has a positive effect on the distribution of foot pressure in subjects with forward head posture.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Feedback, Sensory , Foot , Head , Heel , PostureABSTRACT
Background: The recent engagement of Game base console is emerging in rehabilitation practice and its overall effectiveness has not been yetsubstantially manifested. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Wii based balance interventions among Multiple Sclerosis people. Data Sources: A systemic search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus data bases electronically up to February 2014. Study Selection: Randomized and non-randomized control trials with Wii intervention on balance as an outcome measure among people with Multiple Sclerosis were included in this review. Data Synthesis: After screening 57 studies, 7 were selected for full-text screening and 5 were included in this review. Three out of five were RCTs and rest were quasi experimental and 2-point crossover pilot studies. Total of 205 medically diagnosed mild to moderate MS people were in the selected studies with less than 6 expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Total of 13 different outcome measures were used on assessment of balance in Multiple sclerosis individuals and the most common outcomes were Berg balance scale (BBS), Center of Pressured (COP), Four Square step test (FSST), Time up and Go test (TUG). Three out of five studies report statistical significant improvement in the Four Square step test (FSST), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and center of Pressure (COP) between intervention and control groups of MS. Conclusion: Review of the selected studies indicates that the inclusion of Wii game in balance exercise on Multiple sclerosis people improve static balance more effectivelyas compare to dynamic balance in mild to moderate level of disability. However evidence on the mode selection in Wii, treatment setting and frequency lacking. Further studies with large sample size and more homogenize outcome measure and control setting is recommended for future.
ABSTRACT
It analyzed the definition, mechanism, characteristics of Mirror Visual Feedback and summarized the application of mirror visual feedback in recovering upper limb function after stroke patients at home and abroad, so as to provide evidences for the further research in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on up-per extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addi-tion. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electro-myogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from im-proving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.